Byzantine Emperors

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Byzantine emperors

It is difficult to define when the Roman empire ended and the Byzantine empire begun. To simplify the administration, in 284 the Roman empire was divided by Diocletian in its western and of eastern part. The title of "first" Byzantine Emperor can be assigned, for different reasons, to the followings people:

In the following there are the dynasties of the Byzantine emperors from mid IV century to mid XV century.

Valentinian dynasty (364–379)

Name Reign
Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus 26 February 364 – 17 November 375
Valens Flavius Iulius Valens 28 March 364 – 9 August 378
Gratian Flavius Gratianus 9 August 378 – 19 January 379

Theodosian dynasty (379–457)

Name Reign
Theodosius I "the Great" Flavius Theodosius 19 January 379 – 17 January 395
Arcadius Flavius Arcadius 17 January 395 – 1 May 408
Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius 1 May 408 – 28 July 450
Pulcheria Aelia Pulcheria 28 July 450 – July 453
Marcian Flavius Marcianus Augustus 450 – January 457

Leonid dynasty (457–518)

Name Reign
Leo I "the Thracian" Flavius Valerius Leo 7 February 457 – 18 January 474
Leo II "the Little" Flavius Leo 18 January – 17 November 474
Zeno Flavius Zeno 17 November 474 – 9 April 491
Basiliscus Flavius Basiliscus 9 January 475 – August 476
Anastasius I Dicorus Flavius Anastasius 11 April 491 – 9 July 518

Justinian dynasty (518–602)

Name Reign
Justin I Flavius Iustinus July 518 – 1 August 527
Justinian I "the Great" Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus 1 August 527 – 13/14 November 565
Justin II Flavius Iustinus Iunior 14 November 565 – 5 October 578
Tiberius II Constantine Flavius Tiberius Constantinus 5 October 578 – 14 August 582
Maurice Flavius Mauricius Tiberius 14 August 582 – 22 November 602

Non-dynastic (602–610)

Name Reign
Phocas Flavius Phocas 23 November 602 – 4 October 610

Heraclian dynasty (610–695)

Name Reign
Heraclius Flavius Heraclius 5 October 610 – 11 February 641
Constantine III Heraclius Novus Constantinus 11 February – 24/26 May 641
Heraklonas Constantinus Heraclius 11 February 641 – September 641
Constans II   September 641 – 15 September 668
Constantine IV "the Bearded"   15 September 668 – September 685
Justinian II "the Slit-nosed"   September 685 – 695

Twenty Years' Anarchy (695–717)

Name Reign
Leontios 695–698
Tiberius III Apsimar 698–705
Justinian II "the Slit-nosed" August 705 – December 711
Philippikos Bardanes December 711 – 3 June 713
Anastasios II June 713 – November 715
Theodosios III May 715 – 25 March 717

Isaurian dynasty (717–802)

Name Reign
Leo III "the Isaurian" 25 March 717 – 18 June 741
Constantine V "the Dung-named" 18 June 741 – 14 September 775
Artabasdos June 741/742 – 2 November 743
Leo IV "the Khazar" 14 September 775 – 8 September 780
Constantine VI 8 September 780 – August 797
Irene of Athens August 797 – 31 October 802

Nikephorian dynasty (802–813)

Name Reign
Nikephoros I "the Logothete" 31 October 802 – 26 July 811
Staurakios 26 July 811 – 2 October 811
Michael I Rangabe 2 October 811 – 22 June 813

Non-dynastic (813–820)

Name Reign
Leo V "the Armenian" 11 July 813 – 25 December 820

Amorian dynasty (820–867)

Name Reign
Michael II "the Amorian" 25 December 820 – 2 October 829
Theophilos 2 October 829 – 20 January 842
Michael III "the Drunkard" 20 January 842 – 23 September 867

Macedonian dynasty (867–1056)

Name Reign
Basil I "the Macedonian" 867 – 2 August 886
Leo VI "the Wise" 886 – 11 May 912
Alexander 11 May 912 – 6 June 913
Constantine VII "the Purple-born" 6 June 913 – 9 November 959
Romanos I Lekapenos 17 December 920 – 16 December 944
Romanos II "the Purple-born" 9 November 959 – 15 March 963
Nikephoros II Phokas 16 August 963 – 11 December 969
John I Tzimiskes 11 December 969 – 10 January 976
Basil II "the Bulgar-Slayer" 10 January 976 – 15 December 1025
Constantine VIII "the Purple-born" 15 December 1025 – 15 November 1028
Zoe "the Purple-born" 15 November 1028 – June 1050
Romanos III Argyros 15 November 1028 – 11 April 1034
Michael IV "the Paphlagonian" 11 April 1034 – 10 December 1041
Michael V "the Caulker" 10 December 1041 – 20 April 1042
Theodora 19 April 1042 – after 31 August 1056
Constantine IX Monomachos 11 June 1042 – 7/8 or 11 January 1055

Non-dynastic (1056–1057)

Name Reign
Michael VI Bringas, "Stratiotikos" or "the Old" September 1056 – 31 August 1057

Komnenid dynasty (1057–1059)

Name Reign
Isaac I Komnenos 5 June 1057 – 22 November 1059

Doukid dynasty (1059–1081)

Name Reign
Constantine X Doukas 24 November 1059 – 22 May 1067
Michael VII Doukas 22 May 1067 – 24 March 1078
Romanos IV Diogenes 1 January 1068 – 24 October 1071
Nikephoros III Botaneiates 31 March 1078 – 4 April 1081

Komnenid dynasty (1081–1185)

Name Reign
Alexios I Komnenos 4 April 1081 – 15 August 1118
John II Komnenos 15 August 1118 – 8 April 1143
Manuel I Komnenos 1143 – 24 September 1180
Alexios II Komnenos 24 September 1180 – October 1183
Andronikos I Komnenos 1183 – 11 September 1185

Angelid dynasty (1185–1204)

Name Reign
Isaac II Angelos 1185–1195
Alexios III Angelos 1195 – 17/18 July 1203
Isaac II Angelos 18 July 1203 – 27/28 January 1204
Alexios IV Angelos 1 August 1203 – 27/28 January 1204
Alexios V Doukas "Mourtzouphlos" 5 February 1204 – 13 April 1204

Laskarid dynasty (Empire of Nicaea, 1204–1261)

Name Reign
Theodore I Laskaris 1205– December 1221/1222
John III Doukas Vatatzes 15 December 1221/1222– 3 November 1254
Theodore II Laskaris 3 November 1254– 18 August 1258
John IV Laskaris 18 August 1258– 25 December 1261

Palaiologan dynasty (restored to Constantinople, 1261–1453)

Name Reign
Michael VIII Palaiologos 1 January 1259– 11 December 1282
Andronikos II Palaiologos 11 December 1282– 24 May 1328
Andronikos III Palaiologos 24 May 1328– 15 June 1341
John V Palaiologos 15 June 1341– 12 August 1376
John VI Kantakouzenos 8 February 1347– 4 December 1354
Andronikos IV Palaiologos 12 August 1376– 1 July 1379
John V Palaiologos 1 July 1379– 14 April 1390
John VII Palaiologos 14 April 1390– 17 September 1390
John V Palaiologos 17 September 1390– 16 February 1391
Manuel II Palaiologos 16 February 1391– 21 July 1425
John VIII Palaiologos 21 July 1425– 31 October 1448
Constantine XI Palaiologos 6 January 1449– 29 May 1453